{"id":19126,"date":"2021-12-09T15:06:38","date_gmt":"2021-12-09T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/peoplenews.gr\/?p=19126"},"modified":"2021-12-09T15:09:03","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T12:09:03","slug":"%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%83%cf%80%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peoplenews.gr\/?p=19126","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1997 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2002, \u03bf\u03b9 Hurtwitz et al. \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 60% \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (PSR) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 68%, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (ART). <u>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <\/u><u>PSR \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. <\/u>\u00a0\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PSR \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 (Freeman T. 2015; 33:45-63), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (Robertson et al. 1998, Negro et al. 2020; 171: e225-8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><u>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. <\/u>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PSR, \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PSR (1, 2). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\/\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd PSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 PSR, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u00ab\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb (3). \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. <u>\u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PSR, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (4, 5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 PSR \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (6). \u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd: \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7 (7), \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (8), \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 PSR \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u00b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u00b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u00b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u00b5\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (10, 11)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PSR \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc PSR \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af; \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc (12, 13).<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (14, 15, 16).<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PSR \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (17).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 PSR, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 ART \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 (18). <u>\u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7.<\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (19). \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd (20, 21). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 (22, 23)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u0391<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Posthumous reproduction. <em>Fertil Steril<\/em> 2004; 82(suppl 1):S260-2.<\/li>\n<li>Spielman B. Pushing the dead into the next reproductive frontier: post mortem gamete retrieval under the uniform anatomical gift act. <em>J Law Med Ethics<\/em> 2009; 37:331-43<\/li>\n<li>Law 40\/2004, enacted by the Italian Parliament on 19th February, 2004. www.camera.it\/parlam\/ leggi\/04040l.htm (08 August 2016)<\/li>\n<li>Finnerty JJ, Karns LB, Thomas TS, West RW, Pinkerton JV. Gamete retrieval in terminal conditions: is it practical? What are the consequences? <em>Curr Womens Health Rep<\/em> 2002; 2:174-8.<\/li>\n<li>Tash JA, Applegarth LD, Kerr SM, Fins JJ, Rosenwaks Z, Schlegel PN. Postmortem sperm retrieval: the effect of instituting guidelines. <em>J Urol<\/em> 2003; 170:1922-5. 16. Bahm SM, K<\/li>\n<li>Hostiuc S, Curca CG. Informed consent in posthumous sperm procurement. <em>Arch Gynecol Obstet<\/em> 2010; 282:433-8.<\/li>\n<li>Goulding EA, Lim BH. Life after death: posthumous sperm procurement. Whose right to decide? <em>BJOG<\/em> 2015;122:394.<\/li>\n<li>Batzer FR, Hurwitz JM, Caplan A. Postmortem parenthood and the need for a protocol with posthumous sperm procurement. <em>Fertil Steril<\/em> 2003; 79:1263-9.<\/li>\n<li>Collins R. Posthumous reproduction and the presumption against consent in cases of death caused by sudden trauma. <em>J Med Philos<\/em> 2005; 30:431-42<\/li>\n<li>Zaami S, Stark M, Malvasi A, Marinelli E. Eggs Retrieval. Adverse Events, Complications, and Malpractice: A Medicolegal Perspective. In: Malvasi A, Baldini D, Eds. <em>Pick Up and Oocyte Management. <\/em>Switzerland, Cham: Springer, 2020: 347-59.<\/li>\n<li>Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Posthumous retrieval and use of gametes or embryos: an Ethics Committee opinion. <em>Fertil Steril<\/em> 2018; 110:45-9.<\/li>\n<li>Montanari VG, Marinelli E, di Luca NM, Zaami S. Gamete donation: are children entitled to know their genetic origins? A comparison of opposing views. The Italian State of Affairs. <em>Eur J Health Law<\/em> 2018; 25:322\u201337.<\/li>\n<li>Tremellen K, Savulescu J. A discussion supporting presumed consent for posthumous sperm procurement and conception. <em>Reprod Biomed Online<\/em> 2015; 30:6-13.<\/li>\n<li>Montanari Vergallo G, Zaami S, Di Luca NM, Marinelli E. The conscientious objection: debate on emergency contraception. <em>Clin Ter<\/em> 2017; 168:e113-9.<\/li>\n<li>Minerva F. Conscientious objection in Italy. <em>J Med Ethics 2015<\/em>; 41:170-3.<\/li>\n<li>Ethical considerations of the new reproductive technologies. Ethics Committee of The American Fertility Society. <em>Fertil Steril<\/em> 1990; 53:1S-104S.<\/li>\n<li>Simana S. Creating life after death: should posthumous reproduction be legally permissible without the deceased&#8217;s prior consent? <em>J Law Biosci<\/em> 2018; 5:329-54.<\/li>\n<li>Yoon M. The Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act: does it protect the best interests of the child in a surrogate arrangement? <em>Am J Law Med<\/em> 1990; 16:525-3<\/li>\n<li>Montanari Vergallo G, Zaami S, Bruti V, Signore F, Marinelli E. How the legislation on medically assisted procreation has evolved in Italy. <em>Med Law<\/em> 2017; 36:5-28.<\/li>\n<li>Waler NJ, Clavijo RI, Brackett NL, Lynne CM, Ramasamy R. Policy on posthumous sperm retrieval: survey of 75 major Academic Medical Centers. <em>Urology<\/em> 2018; 113:45-51.<\/li>\n<li>Zinkel AR, Ankel FK, Milbank AJ, Casey CI, Sundheim JJ. Postmortem Sperm Retrieval in the Emergency Department: A Case Report and Review of Available Guidelines. <em>Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med<\/em> 2019; 3:405-8.<\/li>\n<li>Montanari Vergallo G, Zaami S, Sparic R. Medically Assisted Procreation: European Legislation and Ensuing Ethical Issues. In: Malvasi A, Baldini D, Eds. <em>Pick Up and Oocyte Management<\/em>. Switzerland: Springer Cham 2020: 361-73.<\/li>\n<li>Supreme Civil Court \u2013 1st Section. Ruling 13000\/2019. https:\/\/www.altalex.com\/documents\/news\/2019\/05\/20\/ fecondazione-omologa-post-mortem-trasmette-il-cognome-del-padre (09 September 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u039a\u03a0\u0391<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1: \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, MSc, PD \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, Research Fellow \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u039a\u03a0\u0391<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf: Francesca Negro, Renata Beck, Antonella Cotoia, Maria Cristina Varone, Posthumous sperm retrieval: a procreative revolution. <em>Med Glas (Zenica).\u00a0<\/em>2021 Feb 1;18(1):114-121. doi: 10.17392\/1256-21.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1997 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2002, \u03bf\u03b9 Hurtwitz et al. \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 60% \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (PSR) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"loftocean_post_format_gallery":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_ids":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_urls":"","loftocean_post_format_video_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_video_url":"","loftocean_post_format_video_type":"","loftocean_post_format_video":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_type":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_url":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_audio":"","fallsky_single_post_hide_thumbnail":"","fallsky_single_post_template":"","fallsky_single_post_sidebar":"","loftocean-featured-post":"","loftocean-like-count":0,"loftocean-view-count":1014,"loftocean_post_co_authors":"","loftocean_single_post_author_order":"","fallsky_page_header_layout":"","fallsky_hide_page_header":"","fallsky_hide_before_page_content_ad":"","fallsky_hide_after_page_content_ad":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[105,157],"tags":[3452,3451],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - 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